WEBVTT 00:00:01.309 --> 00:00:08.505 [music] 00:00:11.440 --> 00:00:13.430 What's up, sunshine? New week, fresh 10, 00:00:13.440 --> 00:00:15.270 and today we are talking about the marks 00:00:15.280 --> 00:00:17.269 left behind. Elections that changed a 00:00:17.279 --> 00:00:19.429 nation, dinosaur footprints from 66 00:00:19.439 --> 00:00:21.510 million years ago, and a 9-year-old 00:00:21.520 --> 00:00:23.189 whose earliest struggle became his 00:00:23.199 --> 00:00:25.109 reason to help somebody else. 10 00:00:25.119 --> 00:00:27.750 minutes, big world, let's rise up. Every 00:00:27.760 --> 00:00:29.509 two years around this time, political 00:00:29.519 --> 00:00:31.990 leaders in the US tell us that this is 00:00:32.000 --> 00:00:33.670 the most important election of our 00:00:33.680 --> 00:00:36.069 lifetime. Is that sometimes hyperbole? 00:00:36.079 --> 00:00:37.750 Sure. But every once in a while, an 00:00:37.760 --> 00:00:40.150 election really does become monumental, 00:00:40.160 --> 00:00:42.389 literally. Our Dana Bash takes us on a 00:00:42.399 --> 00:00:43.830 little field trip around the nation's 00:00:43.840 --> 00:00:45.590 capital to help us learn how five 00:00:45.600 --> 00:00:47.910 pivotal elections help shape the country 00:00:47.920 --> 00:00:50.425 generations later. One of the great 00:00:50.435 --> 00:00:51.910 [music] things about being here in 00:00:51.920 --> 00:00:54.389 Washington DC is that we have statues 00:00:54.399 --> 00:00:56.950 and monuments that memorialize the 00:00:56.960 --> 00:00:58.790 elections that changed the world. So, 00:00:58.800 --> 00:01:01.349 let's go check some out. We all know 00:01:01.359 --> 00:01:03.189 Thomas Jefferson [music] as a founding 00:01:03.199 --> 00:01:05.109 father, as one of the main authors for 00:01:05.119 --> 00:01:06.870 the Declaration of Independence, but he 00:01:06.880 --> 00:01:09.990 also was a [music] candidate in two of 00:01:10.000 --> 00:01:13.109 the most arguably important elections in 00:01:13.119 --> 00:01:15.030 the United States of America. They were 00:01:15.040 --> 00:01:17.510 the first contested elections. The two 00:01:17.520 --> 00:01:19.190 candidates were Thomas Jefferson and 00:01:19.200 --> 00:01:22.520 John Adams. In 1796, John Adams won. In 00:01:22.530 --> 00:01:25.429 [music] 1800, Thomas Jefferson won sort 00:01:25.439 --> 00:01:27.910 of. There was a quirk in this brand new 00:01:27.920 --> 00:01:30.070 constitution that [music] these men had 00:01:30.080 --> 00:01:32.550 written. And Thomas Jefferson in the 00:01:32.560 --> 00:01:34.550 electoral college tied with his own 00:01:34.560 --> 00:01:36.390 running mate, Aaron Burr. [music] So, 00:01:36.400 --> 00:01:38.390 the Constitution said the House of 00:01:38.400 --> 00:01:39.990 Representatives had to decide who was 00:01:40.000 --> 00:01:41.350 going to be president of the United 00:01:41.360 --> 00:01:43.190 States. It was the first constitutional 00:01:43.200 --> 00:01:45.350 crisis. It took a while, but Thomas 00:01:45.360 --> 00:01:50.870 Jefferson finally won. 00:01:50.880 --> 00:01:51.996 I mean, how's this for consequential? 00:01:52.006 --> 00:01:52.870 [music] 00:01:52.880 --> 00:01:55.109 Abraham Lincoln is elected president, 00:01:55.119 --> 00:01:57.510 and it's the final match that ignites 00:01:57.520 --> 00:02:00.149 the Civil War. He didn't do that well. 00:02:00.159 --> 00:02:02.310 He only got 39% of the vote, and that's 00:02:02.320 --> 00:02:04.149 because no southern states supported 00:02:04.159 --> 00:02:06.230 him. One month later, South Carolina 00:02:06.240 --> 00:02:08.389 seceded from the Union, and the Civil 00:02:08.399 --> 00:02:10.710 War effectively began. Two years in, he 00:02:10.720 --> 00:02:12.790 signed the Emancipation Proclamation and 00:02:12.800 --> 00:02:15.110 finally freed the slaves in the United 00:02:15.120 --> 00:02:17.270 States of America. And when he gave the 00:02:17.280 --> 00:02:19.589 Gettysburg address, he made it really 00:02:19.599 --> 00:02:21.910 clear that nothing short of democracy 00:02:21.920 --> 00:02:26.550 was at stake. 00:02:26.560 --> 00:02:29.589 The not one, not two, not three, [music] 00:02:29.599 --> 00:02:32.550 but four elections of FDR were 00:02:32.560 --> 00:02:35.190 incredibly consequential. He was elected 00:02:35.200 --> 00:02:37.191 first during the Great Depression, 1932. 00:02:37.201 --> 00:02:38.309 [music] 00:02:38.319 --> 00:02:40.710 Because of the Great Depression, huge 00:02:40.720 --> 00:02:43.030 Democratic majorities were swept in 00:02:43.040 --> 00:02:44.470 along with him and he started to [music] 00:02:44.480 --> 00:02:47.270 enact what he promised, legislation that 00:02:47.280 --> 00:02:49.190 added up to the New Deal. Then he was 00:02:49.200 --> 00:02:52.470 elected to a second term in 1936 and he 00:02:52.480 --> 00:02:54.550 kept going. Roosevelt decided to run 00:02:54.560 --> 00:02:57.430 again in 1940 and he won in a landslide. 00:02:57.440 --> 00:03:00.710 It was an unprecedented third term and 00:03:00.720 --> 00:03:03.110 it meant that in 1941 when Pearl Harbor 00:03:03.120 --> 00:03:05.350 happened, he was in the White House and 00:03:05.360 --> 00:03:07.910 he [music] started to use his decade of 00:03:07.920 --> 00:03:09.830 experience, the relationship that he had 00:03:09.840 --> 00:03:11.990 with Winston Churchill and with Joseph 00:03:12.000 --> 00:03:16.149 Stalin to form the allied leadership to 00:03:16.159 --> 00:03:18.550 fight Adolf Hitler and the Nazis. It's 00:03:18.560 --> 00:03:20.869 1944. The war is still raging. 00:03:20.879 --> 00:03:22.869 Roosevelt, of course, runs for a fourth 00:03:22.879 --> 00:03:25.670 term [music] and he wins. And one of the 00:03:25.680 --> 00:03:28.390 other major consequences from FDR's 00:03:28.400 --> 00:03:30.149 unprecedented time in the White House is 00:03:30.159 --> 00:03:31.910 the 22nd Amendment, which passed 00:03:31.920 --> 00:03:34.390 afterwards. It says that a president 00:03:34.400 --> 00:03:40.949 cannot serve for more than two terms. 00:03:40.959 --> 00:03:42.789 Consequential elections, they [music] 00:03:42.799 --> 00:03:44.869 don't have to be for president or really 00:03:44.879 --> 00:03:48.229 any government office. It can just be in 00:03:48.239 --> 00:03:50.470 a small group in a church basement 00:03:50.480 --> 00:03:53.110 raising their hands and voting. That was 00:03:53.120 --> 00:03:55.589 what happened in December of 1955 when 00:03:55.599 --> 00:03:57.830 Martin Luther King Jr. was elected 00:03:57.840 --> 00:04:00.869 during the bus boycott to lead the newly 00:04:00.879 --> 00:04:02.789 created Montgomery Improvement 00:04:02.799 --> 00:04:05.990 Association. He was only 26 years old, 00:04:06.000 --> 00:04:08.070 brand new to Montgomery. He was the 00:04:08.080 --> 00:04:09.429 pastor [music] of the Dexter Avenue 00:04:09.439 --> 00:04:11.750 Baptist Church. And one of the civil 00:04:11.760 --> 00:04:13.509 rights leaders, Joanne Robinson, had 00:04:13.519 --> 00:04:15.110 heard him preach [music] and told 00:04:15.120 --> 00:04:17.110 everybody he can move people with his 00:04:17.120 --> 00:04:19.110 words. And we know what happened next. 00:04:19.120 --> 00:04:21.509 He became a civil rights leader that 00:04:21.519 --> 00:04:27.510 really did help change the world. 00:04:27.520 --> 00:04:29.990 On May 10th, 1994, 00:04:30.000 --> 00:04:32.473 about a billion people watched as this 00:04:32.483 --> 00:04:34.310 [music] man, Nelson Mandela, was 00:04:34.320 --> 00:04:36.950 inaugurated as South Africa's first 00:04:36.960 --> 00:04:39.909 black president after decades of pushing 00:04:39.919 --> 00:04:42.790 back against racial segregation, 00:04:42.800 --> 00:04:46.230 discrimination by the small white 00:04:46.240 --> 00:04:49.189 minority who were running the government 00:04:49.199 --> 00:04:52.469 until his actions, you see it right 00:04:52.479 --> 00:04:54.550 here, as a freedom fighter and a 00:04:54.560 --> 00:04:57.830 political prisoner of 30 years led to 00:04:57.840 --> 00:04:59.990 him being a statesman. He only served 00:05:00.000 --> 00:05:02.390 one term as president, but his fortitude 00:05:02.400 --> 00:05:04.070 not only helped the people of South 00:05:04.080 --> 00:05:07.270 Africa, but inspired activists across 00:05:07.280 --> 00:05:14.710 the globe. 00:05:14.720 --> 00:05:17.189 10sec trivia. Ramen is one of Japan's 00:05:17.199 --> 00:05:18.870 most popular dishes. Where did it 00:05:18.880 --> 00:05:21.749 originate? China, Mongolia, Vietnam, or 00:05:21.759 --> 00:05:28.469 South Korea? 00:05:28.479 --> 00:05:31.510 If you said China, use a superstar. The 00:05:31.520 --> 00:05:33.350 famous Japanese noodle dish was actually 00:05:33.360 --> 00:05:35.270 introduced by Chinese immigrants in the 00:05:35.280 --> 00:05:37.590 late 19th century and gets its name from 00:05:37.600 --> 00:05:39.990 the Chinese term lameen, which means 00:05:40.000 --> 00:05:42.390 pulled noodles. Earlier this month, we 00:05:42.400 --> 00:05:44.230 learned all about Japan's record number 00:05:44.240 --> 00:05:46.550 of centinarians, people who've turned at 00:05:46.560 --> 00:05:49.110 least 100 years old. Apparently, some of 00:05:49.120 --> 00:05:51.189 them have zero interest in retirement, 00:05:51.199 --> 00:05:54.629 like Fuku Amagawa. She's 103 years old, 00:05:54.639 --> 00:05:57.110 still working 5 days a week making ramen 00:05:57.120 --> 00:05:58.710 at the restaurant her family opened 00:05:58.720 --> 00:06:01.029 about 60 years ago. Our Haneko 00:06:01.039 --> 00:06:03.029 Montgomery stopped by for a bowl and 00:06:03.039 --> 00:06:05.830 maybe a few secrets about longevity. 00:06:05.840 --> 00:06:09.430 >> Amagawa is 103 years and 7 months old 00:06:09.440 --> 00:06:15.749 and she still works 5 days a week. 00:06:15.759 --> 00:06:20.150 Her 00:06:20.160 --> 00:06:22.309 specialty is making ramen at a shop she 00:06:22.319 --> 00:06:24.950 and her family opened six decades ago. 00:06:24.960 --> 00:06:28.070 >> Oh, looks so delicious. 00:06:28.080 --> 00:06:31.110 >> Amagawa is just one of over a 100,000 00:06:31.120 --> 00:06:33.270 centinarians in Japan, a new national 00:06:33.280 --> 00:06:35.110 record. Experts say the country's 00:06:35.120 --> 00:06:37.189 healthy diet, low obesity rates, and 00:06:37.199 --> 00:06:39.110 universal health care are some reasons 00:06:39.120 --> 00:06:41.670 why people here live so long. But 00:06:41.680 --> 00:06:44.230 Japan's overall population is shrinking. 00:06:44.240 --> 00:06:45.909 The birth rate is at a record low, 00:06:45.919 --> 00:06:47.830 leaving few workers to support a growing 00:06:47.840 --> 00:06:50.070 elderly population. 00:06:50.080 --> 00:06:52.710 But Amagawa isn't ready to retire just 00:06:52.720 --> 00:06:56.309 yet. Most Japanese aged 100 or over are 00:06:56.319 --> 00:06:58.629 women like her. And while scientists 00:06:58.639 --> 00:07:01.350 don't exactly know why, Amagawa has her 00:07:01.360 --> 00:07:03.124 own theory. 00:07:03.134 --> 00:07:12.550 [laughter] 00:07:12.560 --> 00:07:14.230 She tells me she has a few tips for 00:07:14.240 --> 00:07:18.070 living long. Eating a lot and most 00:07:18.080 --> 00:07:20.629 importantly to find a reason to get up 00:07:20.639 --> 00:07:23.110 every morning. 00:07:23.120 --> 00:07:25.270 >> This next story is for all the unks out 00:07:25.280 --> 00:07:27.430 there who might think to themselves, 00:07:27.440 --> 00:07:28.790 >> I like turtles. 00:07:28.800 --> 00:07:31.029 >> For the first time in recorded history, 00:07:31.039 --> 00:07:33.270 a wild sea turtle has naturally nested 00:07:33.280 --> 00:07:35.909 on the west coast of the US. Lifeguards 00:07:35.919 --> 00:07:37.909 discovered that a rare olive ridley 00:07:37.919 --> 00:07:40.309 turtle had laid eggs near Seal Beach in 00:07:40.319 --> 00:07:42.790 California. 3 days later, another turtle 00:07:42.800 --> 00:07:44.469 appeared several miles away near 00:07:44.479 --> 00:07:47.110 Huntington Beach and laid another nest. 00:07:47.120 --> 00:07:49.830 Scientists have confirmed these were two 00:07:49.840 --> 00:07:52.469 different turtles. Crews from Noah and 00:07:52.479 --> 00:07:55.110 California Fish and Wildlife raced in, 00:07:55.120 --> 00:07:57.909 fenced off both sites, keeping eggs in, 00:07:57.919 --> 00:08:00.230 people and predators out. The incubation 00:08:00.240 --> 00:08:02.150 period typically lasts one and a half to 00:08:02.160 --> 00:08:03.909 two months. So why is this so 00:08:03.919 --> 00:08:05.830 extraordinary? Olive ridley's normally 00:08:05.840 --> 00:08:08.550 nest much farther south, mostly along 00:08:08.560 --> 00:08:10.869 beaches in Mexico and Central America. 00:08:10.879 --> 00:08:13.270 Experts say this year's rare super El 00:08:13.280 --> 00:08:15.749 Nino may be making water too warm in 00:08:15.759 --> 00:08:17.589 their usual nesting sites, hence the 00:08:17.599 --> 00:08:20.869 trek up north. Next is a gargantuan 00:08:20.879 --> 00:08:22.629 discovery by a high school science 00:08:22.639 --> 00:08:24.710 teacher from Colorado stumbling onto 00:08:24.720 --> 00:08:27.589 paleontology history in North Dakota. 00:08:27.599 --> 00:08:30.629 Kent Hups was on an unrelated research 00:08:30.639 --> 00:08:32.389 expedition when he stumbled upon what 00:08:32.399 --> 00:08:35.190 looked like three giant toes. Turns out 00:08:35.200 --> 00:08:38.630 he'd found a 23 foot long trail of four 00:08:38.640 --> 00:08:41.190 fossilized footprints likely left by a 00:08:41.200 --> 00:08:43.750 Tyrannosaurus Rex. Each footprint 00:08:43.760 --> 00:08:46.310 roughly 3 feet long. Scientists date 00:08:46.320 --> 00:08:49.350 them to about 66 12 million years ago. 00:08:49.360 --> 00:08:51.670 It's the first known sequence of tracks 00:08:51.680 --> 00:08:53.910 likely attributable to a fullgrown 00:08:53.920 --> 00:08:56.630 T-Rex. The famed Hell Creek Formation is 00:08:56.640 --> 00:08:59.030 abundant in late Cretaceous dinosaur 00:08:59.040 --> 00:09:01.430 bones, but finding footprints, different 00:09:01.440 --> 00:09:03.509 story. The area's sediments typically 00:09:03.519 --> 00:09:05.509 eroded before the tracks could be 00:09:05.519 --> 00:09:07.350 preserved. Scientists are getting a rare 00:09:07.360 --> 00:09:09.269 clue about how the predator actually 00:09:09.279 --> 00:09:11.350 walked. This one estimated to be 00:09:11.360 --> 00:09:13.430 strolling, not sprinting, at about 4 00:09:13.440 --> 00:09:16.310 mph. Proof that even 66 million years 00:09:16.320 --> 00:09:18.150 later, we're still following some pretty 00:09:18.160 --> 00:09:24.550 big footsteps. 00:09:24.560 --> 00:09:26.310 Today's story getting a 10 out of 10. A 00:09:26.320 --> 00:09:28.150 sweet full circle moment for a young 00:09:28.160 --> 00:09:30.630 philanthropist. 9-year-old Jace Smith in 00:09:30.640 --> 00:09:32.790 Georgia spent months in the niku when he 00:09:32.800 --> 00:09:34.550 was born. And now he's using his own 00:09:34.560 --> 00:09:36.070 business to help families going through 00:09:36.080 --> 00:09:38.710 the same thing. Jace was born at just 24 00:09:38.720 --> 00:09:40.870 weeks. And his mom says she remembers 00:09:40.880 --> 00:09:42.949 the help that she received from others 00:09:42.959 --> 00:09:45.350 during that time. The gas, the food, 00:09:45.360 --> 00:09:47.829 basic necessities, allowing her to focus 00:09:47.839 --> 00:09:50.870 on what mattered most, young baby Jace. 00:09:50.880 --> 00:09:53.670 Now Jace is thriving. He runs his own 00:09:53.680 --> 00:09:55.509 lemonade business and he used part of 00:09:55.519 --> 00:09:58.070 the profits to help neonatal intensive 00:09:58.080 --> 00:10:00.949 care units, donating a mobile library 00:10:00.959 --> 00:10:02.790 cart filled with books that parents can 00:10:02.800 --> 00:10:04.630 read to their babies in intensive care. 00:10:04.640 --> 00:10:06.790 Doc say reading can help with early 00:10:06.800 --> 00:10:08.870 brain development, even in babies. And 00:10:08.880 --> 00:10:11.190 Jace, he rates his lemonade recipe a 00:10:11.200 --> 00:10:13.509 four out of five. Love that. 9 years 00:10:13.519 --> 00:10:15.590 old, philanthropist, entrepreneur still 00:10:15.600 --> 00:10:17.509 leaving room to improve. All right, 00:10:17.519 --> 00:10:19.590 sunshine. I got time for two shoutouts 00:10:19.600 --> 00:10:21.829 today. Miss Rubenstein and Miss Green at 00:10:21.839 --> 00:10:24.069 PS10 in Brooklyn, New York. I see you, 00:10:24.079 --> 00:10:26.230 Olivia. Brooklyn, keep bringing that big 00:10:26.240 --> 00:10:29.590 apple energy. And look at this. Mr. 00:10:29.600 --> 00:10:31.430 Lectenberg and all of our friends at 00:10:31.440 --> 00:10:33.590 Stillwell Junior High in West De Mo, 00:10:33.600 --> 00:10:36.310 Iowa, I must say, I absolutely adore 00:10:36.320 --> 00:10:37.990 this photo. Thank you for making us a 00:10:38.000 --> 00:10:39.509 part of your day. And Mr. Lectenberg, 00:10:39.519 --> 00:10:41.110 nice haircut, bro. [snorts] Let's make 00:10:41.120 --> 00:10:43.269 the rest of our Monday a fun day. See 00:10:43.279 --> 00:10:45.030 you tomorrow, team. I'm Koi Wire and we 00:10:45.040 --> 00:10:48.839 are CNN 10.